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<h1> 30 Days Of Python: Day 16 - Python Date time </h1>
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<sub>Author:
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/asabeneh/" target="_blank">Asabeneh Yetayeh</a><br>
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<small>Second Edition: July, 2021</small>
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[<< Day 15 ](../15_Day_Python_type_errors/15_python_type_errors.md ) | [Day 17 >> ](../17_Day_Exception_handling/17_exception_handling.md )
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- [📘 Day 16 ](#-day-16 )
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- [Python *datetime* ](#python-datetime )
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- [Getting *datetime* Information ](#getting-datetime-information )
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- [Formatting Date Output Using *strftime* ](#formatting-date-output-using-strftime )
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- [String to Time Using *strptime* ](#string-to-time-using-strptime )
- [Using *date* from *datetime* ](#using-date-from-datetime )
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- [Time Objects to Represent Time ](#time-objects-to-represent-time )
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- [Difference Between Two Points in Time Using ](#difference-between-two-points-in-time-using )
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- [Difference Between Two Points in Time Using *timedelta* ](#difference-between-two-points-in-time-using-timedelta )
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- [💻 Exercises: Day 16 ](#-exercises-day-16 )
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# 📘 Day 16
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## Python *datetime*
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Python has got _ datetime _ module to handle date and time.
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``` py
import datetime
print ( dir ( datetime ) )
[ ' MAXYEAR ' , ' MINYEAR ' , ' __builtins__ ' , ' __cached__ ' , ' __doc__ ' , ' __file__ ' , ' __loader__ ' , ' __name__ ' , ' __package__ ' , ' __spec__ ' , ' date ' , ' datetime ' , ' datetime_CAPI ' , ' sys ' , ' time ' , ' timedelta ' , ' timezone ' , ' tzinfo ' ]
```
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With dir or help built-in commands it is possible to know the available functions in a certain module. As you can see, in the datetime module there are many functions, but we will focus on _ date _ , _ datetime _ , _ time _ and _ timedelta _ . Let se see them one by one.
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### Getting *datetime* Information
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``` py
from datetime import datetime
now = datetime . now ( )
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print ( now ) # 2021-07-08 07:34:46.549883
day = now . day # 8
month = now . month # 7
year = now . year # 2021
hour = now . hour # 7
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minute = now . minute # 38
second = now . second
timestamp = now . timestamp ( )
print ( day , month , year , hour , minute )
print ( ' timestamp ' , timestamp )
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print ( f ' { day } / { month } / { year } , { hour } : { minute } ' ) # 8/7/2021, 7:38
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```
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Timestamp or Unix timestamp is the number of seconds elapsed from 1st of January 1970 UTC.
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### Formatting Date Output Using *strftime*
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``` py
from datetime import datetime
new_year = datetime ( 2020 , 1 , 1 )
print ( new_year ) # 2020-01-01 00:00:00
day = new_year . day
month = new_year . month
year = new_year . year
hour = new_year . hour
minute = new_year . minute
second = new_year . second
print ( day , month , year , hour , minute ) #1 1 2020 0 0
print ( f ' { day } / { month } / { year } , { hour } : { minute } ' ) # 1/1/2020, 0:0
```
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Formatting date time using * strftime * method and the documentation can be found [here ](https://strftime.org/ ).
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``` py
from datetime import datetime
# current date and time
now = datetime . now ( )
t = now . strftime ( " % H: % M: % S " )
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print ( " time: " , t ) # time: 18:21:40
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time_one = now . strftime ( " % m/ %d / % Y, % H: % M: % S " )
# mm/dd/YY H:M:S format
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print ( " time one: " , time_one ) # time one: 06/28/2022, 18:21:40
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time_two = now . strftime ( " %d / % m/ % Y, % H: % M: % S " )
# dd/mm/YY H:M:S format
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print ( " time two: " , time_two ) # time two: 28/06/2022, 18:21:40
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```
``` sh
time: 01:05:01
time one: 12/05/2019, 01:05:01
time two: 05/12/2019, 01:05:01
```
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Here are all the _ strftime _ symbols we use to format time. An example of all the formats for this module.
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### String to Time Using *strptime*
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Here is a [documentation ](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/datetime/strptime ) hat helps to understand the format.
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``` py
from datetime import datetime
date_string = " 5 December, 2019 "
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print ( " date_string = " , date_string ) # date_string = 5 December, 2019
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date_object = datetime . strptime ( date_string , " %d % B, % Y " )
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print ( " date_object = " , date_object ) # date_object = 2019-12-05 00:00:00
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```
``` sh
date_string = 5 December, 2019
date_object = 2019-12-05 00:00:00
```
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### Using *date* from *datetime*
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``` py
from datetime import date
d = date ( 2020 , 1 , 1 )
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print ( d ) # 2020-01-01
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print ( ' Current date: ' , d . today ( ) ) # 2019-12-05
# date object of today's date
today = date . today ( )
print ( " Current year: " , today . year ) # 2019
print ( " Current month: " , today . month ) # 12
print ( " Current day: " , today . day ) # 5
```
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### Time Objects to Represent Time
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``` py
from datetime import time
# time(hour = 0, minute = 0, second = 0)
a = time ( )
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print ( " a = " , a ) # a = 00:00:00
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# time(hour, minute and second)
b = time ( 10 , 30 , 50 )
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print ( " b = " , b ) # b = 10:30:50
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# time(hour, minute and second)
c = time ( hour = 10 , minute = 30 , second = 50 )
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print ( " c = " , c ) # c = 10:30:50
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# time(hour, minute, second, microsecond)
d = time ( 10 , 30 , 50 , 200555 )
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print ( " d = " , d ) # d = 10:30:50.200555
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```
output
a = 00:00:00
b = 10:30:50
c = 10:30:50
d = 10:30:50.200555
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### Difference Between Two Points in Time Using
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``` py
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from datetime import date , datetime
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today = date ( year = 2019 , month = 12 , day = 5 )
new_year = date ( year = 2020 , month = 1 , day = 1 )
time_left_for_newyear = new_year - today
# Time left for new year: 27 days, 0:00:00
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print ( ' Time left for new year: ' , time_left_for_newyear ) # Time left for new year: 27 days, 0:00:00
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t1 = datetime ( year = 2019 , month = 12 , day = 5 , hour = 0 , minute = 59 , second = 0 )
t2 = datetime ( year = 2020 , month = 1 , day = 1 , hour = 0 , minute = 0 , second = 0 )
diff = t2 - t1
print ( ' Time left for new year: ' , diff ) # Time left for new year: 26 days, 23: 01: 00
```
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### Difference Between Two Points in Time Using *timedelta*
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``` py
from datetime import timedelta
t1 = timedelta ( weeks = 12 , days = 10 , hours = 4 , seconds = 20 )
t2 = timedelta ( days = 7 , hours = 5 , minutes = 3 , seconds = 30 )
t3 = t1 - t2
print ( " t3 = " , t3 )
```
``` sh
date_string = 5 December, 2019
date_object = 2019-12-05 00:00:00
t3 = 86 days, 22:56:50
```
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🌕 You are an extraordinary. You are 16 steps a head to your way to greatness. Now do some exercises for your brain and muscles.
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## 💻 Exercises: Day 16
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1. Get the current day, month, year, hour, minute and timestamp from datetime module
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2. Format the current date using this format: "%m/%d/%Y, %H:%M:%S")
3. Today is 5 December, 2019. Change this time string to time.
4. Calculate the time difference between now and new year.
5. Calculate the time difference between 1 January 1970 and now.
6. Think, what can you use the datetime module for? Examples:
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- Time series analysis
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- To get a timestamp of any activities in an application
- Adding posts on a blog
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🎉 CONGRATULATIONS ! 🎉
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[<< Day 15 ](../15_Day_Python_type_errors/15_python_type_errors.md ) | [Day 17 >> ](../17_Day_Exception_handling/17_exception_handling.md )
