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⭕ Share quick reference cheat sheet for developers.

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Added c++ cheatsheet
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---
title: C++
date: 2021-06-01 11:51:44
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background: bg-[#6d94c7]
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tags:
categories:
- Programming
intro: |
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C++ quick reference cheat sheet that provides basic syntax and methods.
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plugins:
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- copyCode
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- runCode
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---
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## Getting Started
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### hello.cpp
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```cpp
#include <iostream>
int main() {
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std::cout << "Hello CheatSheets\n";
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return 0;
}
```
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Compiling and running
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```shell script
$ g++ hello.cpp -o hello
$ ./hello
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Hello CheatSheets
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```
### Variables
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```cpp
int number = 5; // Integer
float f = 0.95; // Floating number
double PI = 3.14159; // Floating number
char yes = 'Y'; // Character
std::string s = "ME"; // String (text)
bool isRight = true; // Boolean
// Constants
const float RATE = 0.8;
```
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---
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```cpp
int age {25}; // Since C++11
std::cout << age; // Print 25
```
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### Primitive Data Types
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Format markdown table
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| Data Type | Size | Range |
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| --------- | -------------- | ------------------- |
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| `int` | 4 bytes | -2^31^ ^to^ 2^31^-1 |
| `float` | 4 bytes | _N/A_ |
| `double` | 8 bytes | _N/A_ |
| `char` | 1 byte | -128 ^to^ 127 |
| `bool` | 1 byte | true / false |
| `void` | _N/A_ | _N/A_ |
| `wchar_t` | 2 ^or^ 4 bytes | 1 wide character |
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{.show-header}
### User Input
```cpp
int num;
std::cout << "Type a number: ";
std::cin >> num;
std::cout << "You entered " << num;
```
### Swap
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```cpp
Update Swap in cpp.md Using STL instead of C-style swapping.
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int a = 5, b = 10;
std::swap(a, b);
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// Outputs: a=10, b=5
std::cout << "a=" << a << ", b=" << b;
```
### Comments
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```cpp
// A single one line comment in C++
/* This is a multiple line comment
in C++ */
```
### If statement
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```cpp
if (a == 10) {
// do something
}
```
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See: [Conditionals](#c-conditionals)
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### Loops
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```cpp
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
std::cout << i << "\n";
}
```
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See: [Loops](#c-loops)
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### Functions
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```cpp
#include <iostream>
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void hello(); // Declaring
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int main() { // main function
hello(); // Calling
}
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void hello() { // Defining
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std::cout << "Hello CheatSheets!\n";
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}
```
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See: [Functions](#c-functions)
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### References
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```cpp
int i = 1;
int& ri = i; // ri is a reference to i
ri = 2; // i is now changed to 2
std::cout << "i=" << i;
i = 3; // i is now changed to 3
std::cout << "ri=" << ri;
```
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`ri` and `i` refer to the same memory location.
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### Namespaces
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```cpp
#include <iostream>
namespace ns1 {int val(){return 5;}}
int main()
{
std::cout << ns1::val();
}
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```
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---
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```cpp
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#include <iostream>
namespace ns1 {int val(){return 5;}}
using namespace ns1;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
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cout << val();
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}
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```
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Namespaces allow global identifiers under a name
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## C++ Arrays
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### Declaration
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```cpp
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std::array<int, 3> marks; // Definition
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marks[0] = 92;
marks[1] = 97;
marks[2] = 98;
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// Define and initialize
std::array<int, 3> = {92, 97, 98};
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// With empty members
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std::array<int, 3> marks = {92, 97};
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std::cout << marks[2]; // Outputs: 0
```
### Manipulation
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```cpp
┌─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┐
| 92 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 98 | 94 |
└─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┘
0 1 2 3 4 5
```
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---
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```cpp
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std::array<int, 6> marks = {92, 97, 98, 99, 98, 94};
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// Print first element
std::cout << marks[0];
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// Change 2nd element to 99
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marks[1] = 99;
// Take input from the user
std::cin >> marks[2];
```
### Displaying
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```cpp
char ref[5] = {'R', 'e', 'f'};
// Range based for loop
for (const int &n : ref) {
std::cout << std::string(1, n);
}
// Traditional for loop
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(ref); ++i) {
std::cout << ref[i];
}
```
### Multidimensional
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```cpp
j0 j1 j2 j3 j4 j5
┌────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┐
i0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
├────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┤
i1 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
└────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┘
```
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---
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```cpp
int x[2][6] = {
{1,2,3,4,5,6}, {6,5,4,3,2,1}
};
for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < 6; ++j) {
std::cout << x[i][j] << " ";
}
}
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// Outputs: 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1
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```
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## C++ Conditionals
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### If Clause
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```cpp
if (a == 10) {
// do something
}
```
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---
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```cpp
int number = 16;
if (number % 2 == 0)
{
std::cout << "even";
}
else
{
std::cout << "odd";
}
// Outputs: even
```
### Else if Statement
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```cpp
int score = 99;
if (score == 100) {
std::cout << "Superb";
}
else if (score >= 90) {
std::cout << "Excellent";
}
else if (score >= 80) {
std::cout << "Very Good";
}
else if (score >= 70) {
std::cout << "Good";
}
else if (score >= 60)
std::cout << "OK";
else
std::cout << "What?";
```
### Operators {.row-span-2}
#### Relational Operators
| | |
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| -------- | ---------------------------- |
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| `a == b` | a is equal to b |
| `a != b` | a is NOT equal to b |
| `a < b` | a is less than b |
| `a > b` | a is greater b |
| `a <= b` | a is less than or equal to b |
| `a >= b` | a is greater or equal to b |
#### Assignment Operators
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| Example | Equivalent to |
| -------- | ---------------- |
| `a += b` | _Aka_ a = a + b |
| `a -= b` | _Aka_ a = a - b |
| `a *= b` | _Aka_ a = a \* b |
| `a /= b` | _Aka_ a = a / b |
| `a %= b` | _Aka_ a = a % b |
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#### Logical Operators
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| Example | Meaning |
| --------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| `exp1 && exp2` | Both are true _(AND)_ |
| <code>exp1 \|\| exp2</code> | Either is true _(OR)_ |
| `!exp` | `exp` is false _(NOT)_ |
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#### Bitwise Operators
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| Operator | Description |
| ------------------- | ----------------------- |
| `a & b` | Binary AND |
| <code>a \| b</code> | Binary OR |
| `a ^ b` | Binary XOR |
| `~ a` | Binary One's Complement |
| `a << b` | Binary Shift Left |
| `a >> b` | Binary Shift Right |
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### Ternary Operator
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```
┌── True ──┐
Result = Condition ? Exp1 : Exp2;
└───── False ─────┘
```
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---
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```cpp
int x = 3, y = 5, max;
max = (x > y) ? x : y;
// Outputs: 5
std::cout << max << std::endl;
```
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---
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```cpp
int x = 3, y = 5, max;
if (x > y) {
max = x;
} else {
max = y;
}
// Outputs: 5
std::cout << max << std::endl;
```
### Switch Statement
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```cpp
int num = 2;
switch (num) {
case 0:
std::cout << "Zero";
break;
case 1:
std::cout << "One";
break;
case 2:
std::cout << "Two";
break;
case 3:
std::cout << "Three";
break;
default:
std::cout << "What?";
break;
}
```
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## C++ Loops
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### While
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```cpp
int i = 0;
while (i < 6) {
std::cout << i++;
}
// Outputs: 012345
```
### Do-while
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```cpp
int i = 1;
do {
std::cout << i++;
} while (i <= 5);
// Outputs: 12345
```
### Continue statements
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```cpp
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i % 2 == 0) {
continue;
}
std::cout << i;
} // Outputs: 13579
```
### Infinite loop
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```cpp
while (true) { // true or 1
std::cout << "infinite loop";
}
```
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---
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```cpp
for (;;) {
std::cout << "infinite loop";
}
```
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---
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```cpp
for(int i = 1; i > 0; i++) {
std::cout << "infinite loop";
}
```
### for_each (Since C++11)
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```cpp
#include <iostream>
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#include <array>
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int main()
{
use std::array instead of C-style array
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auto print = [](int num) { std::cout << num << std::endl; };
std::array<int, 4> arr = {1, 2, 3, 4};
std::for_each(arr.begin(), arr.end(), print);
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return 0;
}
```
### Range-based (Since C++11)
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```cpp
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for (int n : {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}) {
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std::cout << n << " ";
}
// Outputs: 1 2 3 4 5
```
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---
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```cpp
logo
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std::string hello = "CheatSheets.zip";
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for (char c: hello)
{
std::cout << c << " ";
}
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// Outputs: Q u i c k R e f . M E
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```
### Break statements
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```cpp
int password, times = 0;
while (password != 1234) {
if (times++ >= 3) {
std::cout << "Locked!\n";
break;
}
std::cout << "Password: ";
std::cin >> password; // input
}
```
### Several variations
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```cpp
for (int i = 0, j = 2; i < 3; i++, j--){
std::cout << "i=" << i << ",";
std::cout << "j=" << j << ";";
}
// Outputs: i=0,j=2;i=1,j=1;i=2,j=0;
```
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## C++ Functions
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### Arguments & Returns
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```cpp
#include <iostream>
int add(int a, int b) {
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return a + b;
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}
int main() {
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std::cout << add(10, 20);
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}
```
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`add` is a function taking 2 ints and returning int
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### Overloading
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```cpp
void fun(string a, string b) {
std::cout << a + " " + b;
}
void fun(string a) {
std::cout << a;
}
void fun(int a) {
std::cout << a;
}
```
### Built-in Functions
format style
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Added c++ cheatsheet
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```cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath> // import library
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Added c++ cheatsheet
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int main() {
// sqrt() is from cmath
std::cout << sqrt(9);
}
```
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## C++ Classes & Objects {.cols-2}
Added c++ cheatsheet
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Fixed #403: C++ Classes & Objects section bugged
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### Defining a Class
format style
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Added c++ cheatsheet
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```cpp
Fixed #403: C++ Classes & Objects section bugged
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class MyClass {
public: // Access specifier
int myNum; // Attribute (int variable)
string myString; // Attribute (string variable)
};
Added c++ cheatsheet
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```
Fixed #403: C++ Classes & Objects section bugged
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### Creating an Object
format style
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Added c++ cheatsheet
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```cpp
Fixed #403: C++ Classes & Objects section bugged
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MyClass myObj; // Create an object of MyClass
myObj.myNum = 15; // Set the value of myNum to 15
myObj.myString = "Hello"; // Set the value of myString to "Hello"
cout << myObj.myNum << endl; // Output 15
cout << myObj.myString << endl; // Output "Hello"
Added c++ cheatsheet
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```
Fixed #403: C++ Classes & Objects section bugged
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### Constructors
format style
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Added c++ cheatsheet
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```cpp
Fixed #403: C++ Classes & Objects section bugged
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class MyClass {
public:
int myNum;
string myString;
MyClass() { // Constructor
myNum = 0;
myString = "";
}
};
MyClass myObj; // Create an object of MyClass
cout << myObj.myNum << endl; // Output 0
cout << myObj.myString << endl; // Output ""
Added c++ cheatsheet
2021-06-09 16:44:22 +08:00
```
Fixed #403: C++ Classes & Objects section bugged
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### Destructors
```cpp
class MyClass {
public:
int myNum;
string myString;
MyClass() { // Constructor
myNum = 0;
myString = "";
}
~MyClass() { // Destructor
cout << "Object destroyed." << endl;
}
};
MyClass myObj; // Create an object of MyClass
// Code here...
// Object is destroyed automatically when the program exits the scope
```
### Class Methods
```cpp
class MyClass {
public:
int myNum;
string myString;
void myMethod() { // Method/function defined inside the class
cout << "Hello World!" << endl;
}
};
MyClass myObj; // Create an object of MyClass
myObj.myMethod(); // Call the method
```
### Access Modifiers
```cpp
class MyClass {
public: // Public access specifier
int x; // Public attribute
private: // Private access specifier
int y; // Private attribute
protected: // Protected access specifier
int z; // Protected attribute
};
MyClass myObj;
myObj.x = 25; // Allowed (public)
myObj.y = 50; // Not allowed (private)
myObj.z = 75; // Not allowed (protected)
```
### Getters and Setters
```cpp
class MyClass {
private:
int myNum;
public:
void setMyNum(int num) { // Setter
myNum = num;
}
int getMyNum() { // Getter
return myNum;
}
};
MyClass myObj;
myObj.setMyNum(15); // Set the value of myNum to 15
cout << myObj.getMyNum() << endl; // Output 15
```
### Inheritance
format style
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Added c++ cheatsheet
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```cpp
Fixed #403: C++ Classes & Objects section bugged
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class Vehicle {
public:
string brand = "Ford";
void honk() {
cout << "Tuut, tuut!" << endl;
}
};
Added c++ cheatsheet
2021-06-09 16:44:22 +08:00
Fixed #403: C++ Classes & Objects section bugged
2023-04-06 13:45:07 +08:00
class Car : public Vehicle {
public:
string model = "Mustang";
};
Car myCar;
myCar.honk(); // Output "Tuut, tuut!"
cout << myCar.brand + " " + myCar.model << endl; // Output "Ford Mustang"
Added c++ cheatsheet
2021-06-09 16:44:22 +08:00
```
fix: cpp format Fixed bitwise opreators and modifier spacing
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## C++ Preprocessor
Responsive layout
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### Preprocessor {.row-span-3}
format style
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Responsive layout
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- [if](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/conditional)
- [elif](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/conditional)
- [else](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/conditional)
- [endif](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/conditional)
- [ifdef](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/conditional)
- [ifndef](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/conditional)
- [define](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/replace)
- [undef](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/replace)
- [include](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/include)
- [line](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/line)
- [error](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/error)
- [pragma](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/impl)
- [defined](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/conditional)
fix: cpp format Fixed bitwise opreators and modifier spacing
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- [\_\_has_include](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/feature_test)
- [\_\_has_cpp_attribute](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/feature_test)
Responsive layout
2021-06-29 21:37:28 +08:00
- [export](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/export)
fix: cpp format Fixed bitwise opreators and modifier spacing
2024-05-16 03:25:36 -07:00
- [import](https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/keyword/import&action=edit&redlink=1)
- [module](https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/keyword/module&action=edit&redlink=1)
Added source code example for Lists Variants
2022-11-20 14:18:58 +08:00
{.marker-none .cols-2}
Responsive layout
2021-06-29 21:37:28 +08:00
### Includes
```cpp
#include "iostream"
#include <iostream>
```
### Defines
```cpp
#define FOO
#define FOO "hello"
#undef FOO
```
### If {.row-span-2}
format style
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Responsive layout
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```cpp
#ifdef DEBUG
console.log('hi');
#elif defined VERBOSE
...
#else
...
#endif
```
### Error
```cpp
#if VERSION == 2.0
#error Unsupported
#warning Not really supported
#endif
```
### Macro
```cpp
#define DEG(x) ((x) * 57.29)
```
### Token concat
```cpp
#define DST(name) name##_s name##_t
DST(object); #=> object_s object_t;
```
### Stringification
```cpp
#define STR(name) #name
char * a = STR(object); #=> char * a = "object";
```
### file and line
```cpp
#define LOG(msg) console.log(__FILE__, __LINE__, msg)
#=> console.log("file.txt", 3, "hey")
```
Added c++ cheatsheet
2021-06-09 16:44:22 +08:00
fix: cpp format Fixed bitwise opreators and modifier spacing
2024-05-16 03:25:36 -07:00
## Miscellaneous
Added c++ cheatsheet
2021-06-09 16:44:22 +08:00
### Escape Sequences
| Escape Sequences | Characters |
fix: cpp format Fixed bitwise opreators and modifier spacing
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| ---------------- | --------------------- |
Format markdown table
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| `\b` | Backspace |
| `\f` | Form feed |
| `\n` | Newline |
| `\r` | Return |
| `\t` | Horizontal tab |
| `\v` | Vertical tab |
| `\\` | Backslash |
| `\'` | Single quotation mark |
| `\"` | Double quotation mark |
| `\?` | Question mark |
| `\0` | Null Character |
Added c++ cheatsheet
2021-06-09 16:44:22 +08:00
fix: cpp format Fixed bitwise opreators and modifier spacing
2024-05-16 03:25:36 -07:00
### Keywords {.col-span-2 .row-span-2}
format style
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Responsive layout
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- [alignas](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/alignas)
- [alignof](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/alignof)
- [and](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/and)
- [and_eq](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/and_eq)
- [asm](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/asm)
- [atomic_cancel](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/atomic_cancel)
- [atomic_commit](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/atomic_commit)
- [atomic_noexcept](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/atomic_noexcept)
- [auto](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/auto)
- [bitand](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/bitand)
- [bitor](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/bitor)
- [bool](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/bool)
- [break](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/break)
- [case](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/case)
- [catch](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/catch)
- [char](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/char)
- [char8_t](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/char8_t)
- [char16_t](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/char16_t)
- [char32_t](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/char32_t)
- [class](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/class)
- [compl](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/compl)
- [concept](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/concept)
- [const](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/const)
- [consteval](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/consteval)
- [constexpr](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/constexpr)
- [constinit](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/constinit)
- [const_cast](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/const_cast)
- [continue](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/continue)
- [co_await](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/co_await)
- [co_return](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/co_return)
- [co_yield](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/co_yield)
- [decltype](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/decltype)
- [default](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/default)
- [delete](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/delete)
- [do](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/do)
- [double](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/double)
- [dynamic_cast](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/dynamic_cast)
- [else](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/else)
- [enum](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/enum)
- [explicit](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/explicit)
- [export](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/export)
- [extern](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/extern)
- [false](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/false)
- [float](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/float)
- [for](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/for)
- [friend](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/friend)
- [goto](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/goto)
- [if](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/if)
- [inline](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/inline)
- [int](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/int)
- [long](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/long)
- [mutable](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/mutable)
- [namespace](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/namespace)
- [new](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/new)
- [noexcept](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/noexcept)
- [not](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/not)
- [not_eq](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/not_eq)
- [nullptr](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/nullptr)
- [operator](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/operator)
- [or](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/or)
- [or_eq](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/or_eq)
- [private](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/private)
- [protected](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/protected)
- [public](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/public)
- [reflexpr](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/reflexpr)
- [register](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/register)
- [reinterpret_cast](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/reinterpret_cast)
- [requires](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/requires)
- [return](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/return)
- [short](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/short)
- [signed](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/signed)
- [sizeof](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/sizeof)
- [static](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/static)
- [static_assert](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/static_assert)
- [static_cast](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/static_cast)
- [struct](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/struct)
- [switch](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/switch)
- [synchronized](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/synchronized)
- [template](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/template)
- [this](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/this)
- [thread_local](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/thread_local)
- [throw](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/throw)
- [true](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/true)
- [try](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/try)
- [typedef](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/typedef)
- [typeid](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/typeid)
- [typename](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/typename)
- [union](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/union)
- [unsigned](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/unsigned)
- [using](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/using)
- [virtual](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/virtual)
- [void](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/void)
- [volatile](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/volatile)
- [wchar_t](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/wchar_t)
- [while](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/while)
- [xor](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/xor)
- [xor_eq](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/xor_eq)
- [final](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/final)
- [override](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/override)
- [transaction_safe](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/transactional_memory)
fix: cpp format Fixed bitwise opreators and modifier spacing
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- [transaction_safe_dynamic](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/transactional_memory) {.marker-none .cols-5}
Responsive layout
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### Preprocessor
format style
2022-08-15 12:26:19 +08:00
Responsive layout
2021-06-29 21:37:28 +08:00
- [if](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/conditional)
- [elif](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/conditional)
- [else](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/conditional)
- [endif](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/conditional)
- [ifdef](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/conditional)
- [ifndef](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/conditional)
- [define](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/replace)
- [undef](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/replace)
- [include](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/include)
- [line](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/line)
- [error](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/error)
- [pragma](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/impl)
- [defined](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/preprocessor/conditional)
fix: cpp format Fixed bitwise opreators and modifier spacing
2024-05-16 03:25:36 -07:00
- [\_\_has_include](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/feature_test)
- [\_\_has_cpp_attribute](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/feature_test)
Responsive layout
2021-06-29 21:37:28 +08:00
- [export](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/keyword/export)
fix: cpp format Fixed bitwise opreators and modifier spacing
2024-05-16 03:25:36 -07:00
- [import](https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/keyword/import&action=edit&redlink=1)
- [module](https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/keyword/module&action=edit&redlink=1) {.marker-none
.cols-2}
Added c++ cheatsheet
2021-06-09 16:44:22 +08:00
## Also see
format style
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- [C++ Infographics & Cheat Sheets](https://hackingcpp.com/cpp/cheat_sheets.html) _(hackingcpp.com)_
Added c++ cheatsheet
2021-06-09 16:44:22 +08:00
format style
2022-08-15 12:26:19 +08:00
- [C++ reference](https://en.cppreference.com/w/) _(cppreference.com)_
- [C++ Language Tutorials](http://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/) _(cplusplus.com)_
Reference in New Issue Copy Permalink