Add type hints and tests. (#2461)

* Add type hints, documentation and tests.

* Update searches/ternary_search.py

Sort collection and remove the assertion logic.

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

* Remove assert sorted logic.

* Add assertion list is ordered.

* updating DIRECTORY.md

* updating DIRECTORY.md

* Format with black.

* Change names of variables to descriptive names

* Remove print in doctests

* Fix variables to snake_case notation.

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
Co-authored-by: github-actions <${GITHUB_ACTOR}@users.noreply.github.com>