docs: update CONTRIBUTING.md with detailed contribution guidelines (#14850)

- Add contact information (Gitter, Weibo, SegmentFault, mailing lists)
- Add detailed bug reporting guidelines with best practices
- Add security vulnerability reporting instructions (ASRC)
- Expand contribution flow with step-by-step git commands
- Add PR checklist and guidelines
- Add documentation contribution section
- Add code review principles
- Add committer prerequisites and nomination process
- Sync Chinese version (CONTRIBUTING_zh.md) with English version

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