feat(input): add support for binding to input[type=range] (#14870)

Thanks to @cironunes for the initial implementation in https://github.com/angular/angular.js/pull/9715

Adds support for binding to input[range] with the following behavior / features:

- Like input[number], it requires the model to be a Number, and will set the model to a Number
- it supports setting the min/max values via the min/max and ngMin/ngMax attributes
- it follows the browser behavior of never allowing an invalid value. That means, when the browser
converts an invalid value (empty: null, undefined, false ..., out of bounds: greater than max, less than min)
to a valid value, the input will in turn set the model to this new valid value via $setViewValue.
-- this means a range input will never be required and never have a non-Number model value, once the
ngModel directive is initialized.
-- this behavior is supported when the model changes and when the min/max attributes change in a way
that prompts the browser to update the input value.
-- ngMin / ngMax do not prompt the browser to update the values, as they don't set the attribute values.
Instead, they will set the min / max errors when appropriate
- browsers that do not support input[range] (IE9) handle the input like a number input (with validation etc.)

Closes #5892
Closes #9715
Close #14870