Add async hook for Azure Synapse pipelines (#62966)

Introduce AzureSynapsePipelineAsyncHook as an asynchronous counterpart
to the existing AzureSynapsePipelineHook.

The async hook mirrors the synchronous hook’s credential resolution and
client creation logic while using AsyncArtifactsClient for non-blocking
pipeline run retrieval, status checks, and cancellation operations. It
supports both client-secret and default credential authentication using
their asynchronous Azure identity credential equivalents.

Add unit tests covering async client creation, credential selection,
pipeline run status retrieval, client caching, connection refresh, and
proper cleanup via close() and the async context manager.

Co-authored-by: Sameer Mesiah <smesiah971@gmail.com>