[SPARK-47864][PYTHON][DOCS] Enhance "Installation" page to cover all installable options

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This PR proposes to enhance "Installation" page to cover all installable options for PySpark pip installation.

### Why are the changes needed?

To provide more detailed options for user-facing documentation.

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?

No API changes, but the user-facing documentation will be improved as below:

## Before

<img width="748" alt="Screenshot 2024-04-17 at 4 13 39 PM" src="https://github.com/apache/spark/assets/44108233/3b5567de-ba04-4b6b-8ae8-92dd3901142a">

## After
<img width="501" alt="Screenshot 2024-04-18 at 1 54 54 PM" src="https://github.com/apache/spark/assets/44108233/06584a84-822b-4c98-9513-20210e9b6467">
<img width="494" alt="Screenshot 2024-04-18 at 1 55 04 PM" src="https://github.com/apache/spark/assets/44108233/c85b439a-8786-417d-9575-7d38b3420d8d">

### How was this patch tested?

Manually built docs and check visually.

### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

No.

Closes #46096 from itholic/enhance_installation_doc.

Authored-by: Haejoon Lee <haejoon.lee@databricks.com>
Signed-off-by: Hyukjin Kwon <gurwls223@apache.org>