Reject recursive function graph attributes (#32864)

## Summary

- Detect recursive GRAPH and GRAPHS default-attribute expansion during
function specialization.
- Preserve valid non-recursive and sequential attribute reuse.

## Validation

- Warnings-as-errors build completed successfully.
- Focused recursive and non-recursive function specialization tests
passed.

Co-authored-by: danielsongmicrosoft <danielsongmicrosoft@users.noreply.github.com>