[workflow] Use MSVC problem matcher for Windows action build (GH-18532)

This makes warnings and errors from the compiler very prominent so this should help prevent warnings from sneaking into the code base and catch them in review. See https://discuss.python.org/t/using-github-problem-matchers-to-catch-warnings-early/4254 for more details

You can see a demo of this in action here: https://github.com/ammaraskar/cpython/pull/15/files#diff-9ba2eeca0f254ece0a9df4d7cb68e870

GCC and Sphinx matchers have previously been added in GH-18567 and GH-20325, respectively.