[3.13] gh-146090: fix memory management of internal `sqlite3` callback contexts (GH-146569) (#146596)

gh-146090: fix memory management of internal `sqlite3` callback contexts (GH-146569)
(cherry picked from commit aa6680775d6d9ca571a675c3b2d655f4ade78c0c)

Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>