gh-98627: Add an Optional Check for Extension Module Subinterpreter Compatibility (gh-99040)

Enforcing (optionally) the restriction set by PEP 489 makes sense. Furthermore, this sets the stage for a potential restriction related to a per-interpreter GIL.

This change includes the following:

* add tests for extension module subinterpreter compatibility
* add _PyInterpreterConfig.check_multi_interp_extensions
* add Py_RTFLAGS_MULTI_INTERP_EXTENSIONS
* add _PyImport_CheckSubinterpIncompatibleExtensionAllowed()
* fail iff the module does not implement multi-phase init and the current interpreter is configured to check

https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/98627