gh-121797: Add class method Fraction.from_number() (GH-121800)

It is an alternative constructor which only accepts a single numeric argument.
Unlike to Fraction.from_float() and Fraction.from_decimal() it accepts any
real numbers supported by the standard constructor (int, float, Decimal,
Rational numbers, objects with as_integer_ratio()).
Unlike to the standard constructor, it does not accept strings.