bpo-37645: add new function _PyObject_FunctionStr() (GH-14890)

Additional note: the `method_check_args` function in `Objects/descrobject.c` is written in such a way that it applies to all kinds of descriptors. In particular, a future re-implementation of `wrapper_descriptor` could use that code.

CC @vstinner @encukou 


https://bugs.python.org/issue37645



Automerge-Triggered-By: @encukou